A longitudinal qualitative analysis of probation and parole officer stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study examined the sources of PPOs' feelings of occupational stress and burnout during the pandemic, including whether their stress and burnout levels changed over time. Methods: Using three waves of semi-structured qualitative interviews with American PPOs, the current study examined: 1) the main sources of PPO stress and burnout, including how officers' experiences changed over time, and 2) the strategies or coping mechanisms PPOs used to manage their well-being over time. Results: Findings from thematic analysis revealed that most PPOs were not initially stressed during the onset of the pandemic; however, inconsistent messaging and limited organizational support contributed to the rise of stress and burnout over time. Findings also indicated that when agencies implemented policies that supported PPOs' ability to work from home, such adjustments served as key coping mechanisms. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of remote policies and organizational support, facilitated through communication and technology assistance, to mitigate supervisory duties and enhance officer well-being.