@inproceedings{1132d8c344cb4969a76c837a91de0faf,
title = "Cotton Seed Fame Combustion and Emissions Research in a DI Diesel Engine",
abstract = "This study investigates the combustion characteristics of cotton seed fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with C100 (100\% cotton seed biodiesel) and C20 (20\% cotton seed biodiesel, 80\% ultra-low sulfur diesel \#2), in a direct injection diesel engine and compares the results with ultra-low sulfur diesel \#2 (ULSD\#2). The dynamic viscosity of C100 was found to meet the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The lower heating value obtained for C100 was 37.7 MJ/kg, compared to 42.7 MJ/kg for ULSD\#2. ULSD\#2 and C100 displayed ignition delays of 9.6 crank angle degrees (CAD) and 7 CAD representing 1.14 ms and 0.83 ms respectively and a combustion time of 4ms (35 CAD) at 1400 rpm and 8 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) (100\% load). The apparent heat release of the tested fuels at 8 bar IMEP showed both a premixed and diffusion phase and produced maximum values of 122 and 209 J/CAD for C100 and ULSD\#2 respectively, with a decreasing trend occurring with increase in percentage of FAME. The 50\% mass burnt (CA50) for 100\% biodiesel was found to be 3 CAD advanced, compared with ULSD\#2. The maximum total heat flux rates showed a value of 3.2 MW/m2 for ULSD\#2 at 8 bar IMEP with a 6\% increase observed for C100. Mechanical efficiency of ULSD\#2 was 83\% and presented a 5.35\% decrease for C100, while the overall efficiency was 36\% for ULSD\#2 and 33\% for C100 at 8 bar IMEP. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) for C100 presented an 11\% decrease compared with ULSD\#2. Unburned hydrocarbons value (UHC) for ULSD\#2 was 2.8 g/kWh at 8 bar IMEP, and improved by 18\% for C100. The carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for C100 decreased by 6\% when compared to ULSD\#2 at 3 bar IMEP but were relatively constant at 8 bar IMEP, presenting a value of 0.82 g/kWh for both fuels. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for C100 increased by 1\% compared with ULSD\#2, at 3 bar IMEP. The soot value for ULSD\#2 was 1.5 g/kWh and presented a 42\% decrease for C100 at 8 bar IMEP. The results suggest a very good performance of cotton seed biodiesel, even at very high content of 100\%, especially on the emissions side that showed decreasing values for regulated and non-regulated species.",
keywords = "Combustion, Cotton seed fame, Di diesel engine, Emissions research",
author = "Valentin Soloiu and Jabeous Weaver and Henry Ochieng and Marvin Duggan and Sherwin Davoud and Spencer Harp and Gustavo Molina and Brian Vlcek",
year = "2013",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1115/ICEF2013-19243",
language = "American English",
isbn = "9780791856109",
series = "ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF 2013",
publisher = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference",
address = "United States",
note = "ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF 2013 ; Conference date: 13-10-2013 Through 16-10-2013",
}