Efficient stabilization of Cu+ ions in phosphate glasses via reduction of Cu2+ by Sn2+ during ambient atmosphere melting

Chemistry

• Phosphate Glass 100%
• Melting Point 100%
• Copper(II) Oxide 50%
• Photoluminescence Spectroscopy 50%
• Luminiscence Type 50%
• Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 50%
• Reducing Agent 50%
• Antioxidant Agent 50%
• Tin 50%
• melt 50%
• Solar Cell 50%
• Absorptivity 50%

Material Science

• Copper Ion 100%
• Oxide Compound 40%
• Photoluminescence 20%
• Tin 20%
• Solar Cell 20%
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 20%
• 31P NMR Spectroscopy 20%
• Reducing Agent 20%
• Waveguide 20%
• Antioxidant 20%