Exploring Personalized Tornado Risk with a Sketch Map Activity.

Our study sought to understand how individuals think about their home location and county, including their geospatial awareness, and how they conceive of risk from a tornado geospatially. We conducted interviews and a sketch mapping activity with sixty-five individuals from Mississippi and Alabama. Our results indicated that participants could name and correctly locate only a few neighboring counties and that there was a difference of 4.7 miles on average between their perceived home location and their actual address. Participants labeled on average 9.1 features. Some maps displayed common heuristics or biases, but none was present in a majority of the sketch maps. Regarding geospatial risk personalization, participants' drawings indicated that many inferred a tornado approaching from the southwest, and that they would take protective action when a tornado was within an average of fifteen miles of their home. Human landmarks and point locations were the features most frequently mentioned that would let participants know a tornado was coming close and participants estimated these features were on average 9.7 miles. Both distances showed a great deal of variation. The results have implications not only for tornado warning communication but also for understanding how individuals might think about a "close call."