Genome-Wide Analysis of MicroRNA-Regulated Transcripts

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by either degrading transcripts or repressing translation. Over the past decade the significance of miRNAs has been unraveled by the characterization of their involvement in crucial cellular functions and the development of disease. However, continued progress in understanding the endogenous importance of miRNAs, as well as their potential uses as therapeutic tools, has been hindered by the difficulty of positively identifying miRNA targets. To face this challenge algorithmic approaches have primarily been utilized to date, but strictly mathematical models have thus far failed to produce a generally accurate, widely accepted methodology for accurate miRNA target determination. As such, several laboratory-based, comprehensive strategies for experimentally identifying all cellular miRNA regulations simultaneously have recently been developed. This chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of both classic and comprehensive strategies for miRNA target prediction.