Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues at the Intersection of National Security, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Performance Enhancement

Blake Hereth; Gérard de Boisboissel; Martin C.M. Bricknell; Maria Brincker; William Casebeer; Jovana Davidovic; Jeremy Davis; Jacob Earl; Nir Eisikovits; Daniel Feldman; Lucas França Garcia; Frédéric Gilbert; Vincent Guérin; Adam Henschke; James Hughes; Dominique Lambert; Sahar Latheef; Jonathan D. Moreno; Ian Shane Peebles; Michelle T Pham; Shira Pindyck; Ilya Rudyak; Nariyoshi Shinomiya; Neil D. Shortland; Robert Sparrow; Joseph Stramondo; Laure Tabouy; Paul Tubig; David Whetham; Nicholas G. Evans

doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00546-z

Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues at the Intersection of National Security, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Performance Enhancement

Blake Hereth
, Gérard de Boisboissel
, Martin C.M. Bricknell
, Maria Brincker
, William Casebeer
, Jovana Davidovic
, Jeremy Davis
, Jacob Earl
, Nir Eisikovits
, Daniel Feldman
, Lucas França Garcia
, Frédéric Gilbert
, Vincent Guérin
, Adam Henschke
, James Hughes
, Dominique Lambert
, Sahar Latheef
, Jonathan D. Moreno
, Ian Shane Peebles
, Michelle T Pham

Shira Pindyck, Ilya Rudyak, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Neil D. Shortland, Robert Sparrow, Joseph Stramondo, Laure Tabouy, Paul Tubig, David Whetham, Nicholas G. Evans

Philosophy & Religious Studies

Western Michigan University
Head of the Observatory Challenges of Emerging Technologies for the Armed Forces Saint-Cyr Military Academy Research Center (France)
King's College London
University of Massachusetts Boston
Riverside Research United States
Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership U.S. Naval Academy (USA)
University of Georgia
Georgetown University
Bioethics and Human and Social Sciences Health Promotion Graduate Program
University of Tasmania
Catholic University of the West (UCO) and University of Angers Associate Researcher
University of Twente
Professor of Philosophy University de Namur (Belgium)
Australian National University
University of Pennsylvania
Arizona State University
Michigan State University
National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Monash University
San Diego State University
Aix-Marseille Université
University ofMassachusetts Lowell (USA)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Horizon scanning is intended to identify opportunities and threats associated with technology, regulatory, and social change. Here, we report the results of a new horizon scan based on inputs of an international group of 33 participants, focusing on future issues arising from the military use of artificial intelligence (AI) for augmenting human performance. The final list of 12 issues includes topics spanning from the political (educating and training individuals to accept and work with AI), to the regulatory (issues of consent to human-AI teaming and hybridization), to security (the hackability of neural devices that connect to AI), to philosophical (the nature and phenomenology of brain-to-brain interfaces). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policymakers, military practitioners, and the wider public.

Original language	English
Article number	3
Journal	Science and Engineering Ethics
Volume	32
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00546-z
State	Published - Dec 3 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Scopus Subject Areas

Health(social science)
Issues, ethics and legal aspects
Health Policy
Management of Technology and Innovation

Access to Document

10.1007/s11948-025-00546-z

Cite this

Hereth, B., de Boisboissel, G., Bricknell, M. C. M., Brincker, M., Casebeer, W., Davidovic, J., Davis, J., Earl, J., Eisikovits, N., Feldman, D., Garcia, L. F., Gilbert, F., Guérin, V., Henschke, A., Hughes, J., Lambert, D., Latheef, S., Moreno, J. D., Peebles, I. S., ... Evans, N. G. (2025). Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues at the Intersection of National Security, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Performance Enhancement. Science and Engineering Ethics, 32(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00546-z

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abstract = "Horizon scanning is intended to identify opportunities and threats associated with technology, regulatory, and social change. Here, we report the results of a new horizon scan based on inputs of an international group of 33 participants, focusing on future issues arising from the military use of artificial intelligence (AI) for augmenting human performance. The final list of 12 issues includes topics spanning from the political (educating and training individuals to accept and work with AI), to the regulatory (issues of consent to human-AI teaming and hybridization), to security (the hackability of neural devices that connect to AI), to philosophical (the nature and phenomenology of brain-to-brain interfaces). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policymakers, military practitioners, and the wider public.",

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doi = "10.1007/s11948-025-00546-z",

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Hereth, B, de Boisboissel, G, Bricknell, MCM, Brincker, M, Casebeer, W, Davidovic, J, Davis, J, Earl, J, Eisikovits, N, Feldman, D, Garcia, LF, Gilbert, F, Guérin, V, Henschke, A, Hughes, J, Lambert, D, Latheef, S, Moreno, JD, Peebles, IS, T Pham, M, Pindyck, S, Rudyak, I, Shinomiya, N, Shortland, ND, Sparrow, R, Stramondo, J, Tabouy, L, Tubig, P, Whetham, D & Evans, NG 2025, 'Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues at the Intersection of National Security, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Performance Enhancement', Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 32, no. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00546-z

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AU - Hereth, Blake

AU - de Boisboissel, Gérard

AU - Bricknell, Martin C.M.

AU - Brincker, Maria

AU - Casebeer, William

AU - Davidovic, Jovana

AU - Davis, Jeremy

AU - Earl, Jacob

AU - Eisikovits, Nir

AU - Feldman, Daniel

AU - Garcia, Lucas França

AU - Gilbert, Frédéric

AU - Guérin, Vincent

AU - Henschke, Adam

AU - Hughes, James

AU - Lambert, Dominique

AU - Latheef, Sahar

AU - Moreno, Jonathan D.

AU - Peebles, Ian Shane

AU - T Pham, Michelle

AU - Pindyck, Shira

AU - Rudyak, Ilya

AU - Shinomiya, Nariyoshi

AU - Shortland, Neil D.

AU - Sparrow, Robert

AU - Stramondo, Joseph

AU - Tabouy, Laure

AU - Tubig, Paul

AU - Whetham, David

AU - Evans, Nicholas G.

PY - 2025/12/3

Y1 - 2025/12/3

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JO - Science and Engineering Ethics

JF - Science and Engineering Ethics

IS - 1

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ER -

Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues at the Intersection of National Security, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Performance Enhancement

Abstract

UN SDGs

Scopus Subject Areas

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