TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on microstructure and mechanical properties of 410 stainless steel fabricated via large scale additive manufacturing
AU - Roy, Sougata
AU - Silwal, Bishal
AU - Nycz, Andrzej
AU - Noakes, Mark
AU - Cakmak, Ercan
AU - Nandwana, Peeyush
AU - Yamamoto, Yukinori
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing (mBAAM) offers the potential to fabricate large scale tools at high deposition rates (15 lb/h+). 410 martensitic steel is a potential tooling material, owing to its low cost, good machinability and reasonable printability. During the mBAAM process, the shielding gas can have a significant impact on the material properties as well as the process cost. Therefore, the current study aims to understand the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on large-scale additive manufacturing of 410 martensitic stainless steel. We show that an argon mixture with 3% nitrogen gas produced the best performance in terms of maximum hardness and tensile strength, with much less scatter in tensile strength. He-Ar-CO2 or tri-mix shielded samples showed a low tensile strength with wide scatter, due to stabilized delta ferrite in microstructure during printing. Both tri-mix and Ar-CO2 shielded samples showed slightly higher porosity. Thus, we recommend the use of argon-3% nitrogen as a shielding gas mixture for processing 410 steel for tool applications, based on the relatively low cost of this gas mixture and the resulting higher hardness, higher dimensional stability, and lower porosity.
AB - Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing (mBAAM) offers the potential to fabricate large scale tools at high deposition rates (15 lb/h+). 410 martensitic steel is a potential tooling material, owing to its low cost, good machinability and reasonable printability. During the mBAAM process, the shielding gas can have a significant impact on the material properties as well as the process cost. Therefore, the current study aims to understand the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on large-scale additive manufacturing of 410 martensitic stainless steel. We show that an argon mixture with 3% nitrogen gas produced the best performance in terms of maximum hardness and tensile strength, with much less scatter in tensile strength. He-Ar-CO2 or tri-mix shielded samples showed a low tensile strength with wide scatter, due to stabilized delta ferrite in microstructure during printing. Both tri-mix and Ar-CO2 shielded samples showed slightly higher porosity. Thus, we recommend the use of argon-3% nitrogen as a shielding gas mixture for processing 410 steel for tool applications, based on the relatively low cost of this gas mixture and the resulting higher hardness, higher dimensional stability, and lower porosity.
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Delta ferrite
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Shielding gas
KW - Steel
KW - Welding
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099006697&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101821
DO - 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101821
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099006697
SN - 2214-8604
VL - 38
JO - Additive Manufacturing
JF - Additive Manufacturing
M1 - 101821
ER -