PFI of n-Butanol and Direct Injection of Biodiesel to attain LTC for Low Emissions Idling in a Compression Engine

Valentin Soloiu, Marvin Duggan, Spencer Harp, Brian Vlcek, David Williams

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

137 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this study, n-butanol (port fuel injection) PFI was investigated in a direct injection compression ignition engine while at idling speeds, and loads, 1-3 bar IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure) in order to determine the effects on combustion, efficiency, emissions, and specifically, a modified tradeoff of soot and nitrogen oxides. As a result, the engine entered into (low-temperature combustion) LTC regions, for selected loads and speeds. Compared with the baseline taken with ultra-low sulfur diesel no. 2, the heat release with n-butanol in (premixed charge compression ignition) PCCI mode, has resulted in a 75% reduction from the maximum values, while a secondary peak appeared where the diffusion combustion typically occurs in the power stroke. At 3 bar IMEP an early, (bottom dead center) BTDC low-temperature heat release was found that began 6° earlier than for the diesel reference cycle, and corresponding to 1200 K. Soot emissions showed a massive decrease of about 98%, concurrently with a 74% reduction of nitrogen oxides at 3 IMEP by controlling the combustion phases and by modifying the classical NOx-soot tradeoff. The results of this work prove that biodiesel combined with n-butanol PFI in PCCI and LTC are very effective in simultaneously reducing soot and NOx at idling speeds.

Original languageAmerican English
JournalEnergy
Volume52
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 19 2013

Keywords

  • LTC (low-temperature combustion)
  • PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition)
  • PFI (port fuel injection)
  • n-Butanol combustion

DC Disciplines

  • Mechanical Engineering

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