Pharmaceutical Autonomy: Technology, Alliances, and Norms

Purpose: Understanding of the factors that contribute to policies diverging from neoliberal norms and accounting for situations when social movement activists prevail over the interests of more powerful opponents requires an analytical framework specifying the dimensions of interest. The case of Brazil's pharmaceutical policies, especially those dealing with HIV/AIDS, is considered. Methodology/approach: To understand the space and limits for progressive agency amidst contemporary globalization, previous articulations of dependent development and global capitalism require conceptual space with insights from social movement theory and normative framing. Findings: Control over technology, political alliances, and normative appeals have changed since the concept of dependent development to today's contemporary neoliberal globalization for understanding cases of progressive agency. Technology is based more on intangible knowledge, activism across the state-society boundary is more likely, and human rights has become the dominant idiom for naming and shaming more powerful opponents. Research limitations/implications: The analytic framework developed informs our understanding of pharmaceutical autonomy - the ability of a country to provide for the prescription drug needs of its population - in the case of Brazil. Further research of other situations requires the application of the framework to determine its merits. Originality/value: A focus on technology, alliances, and norms provides a useful starting point for exploring situations of development autonomy that prevails over the interests of corporate power.