Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power

The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability, minimal detectable change (MDC), and determine normative values of 3 upper extremity (UE) tests of function and power. One hundred eighty participants, men (n = 69) and women (n = 111), were tested on 3 UE strength and power maneuvers in a multicenter study to determine baseline normative values. Forty-six subjects returned for a second day of testing within 5 days of the initial assessment for the reliability component of the investigation. Explosive power was assessed via a seated shot-put test for the dominant and nondominant arms. Relationships between the dominant and nondominant arms were also analyzed. A push-up and modified pull-up were performed to measure the amount of work performed in short (15-second) bursts of activity. The relationship between the push-up and modified pull-up was also determined. Analysis showed test-retest reliability for the modified pull-up, timed push-up, dominant single-arm seated shot-put tests, and nondominant single-arm seated shot-put tests to be intraclass correlation coefficient_(3,1) 0.958, 0.989, 0.988, and 0.971, respectively. The MDC for both the push-up and modified pull-up was 2 repetitions. The MDCs for the shot put with the dominant arm and the nondominant arm were 17 and 18 in., respectively. The result of this study indicates that these field tests possess excellent reliability. Normative values have been identified, which require further validation. These tests demonstrate a practical and effective method to measure upper extremity functional power.