Stimuli-responsive luminescence of electronic capture phosphor for multimode anti-counterfeiting

Long persistent luminescence materials (i.e., electronic capture phosphors) with the tunability on luminescent performance are particularly suitable for information storage and anti-counterfeiting applications. However, traditional electronic capture phosphors face serious challenges in developing multilevel anti-counterfeiting applications using a single phosphor. Here, we developed a series of Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Pb²⁺ double or triple doped NaGdGeO₄ electronic capture phosphors that exhibit changeable luminescent color in the temporal domain. In addition, the pre-irradiated phosphors also demonstrate the photo/thermo-stimulated luminescence. Based on these excellent optical features, the luminescence patterns are printed by using these phosphors as inks for advanced anti-counterfeiting, which cause anti-counterfeiting more difficult to imitate.