Suggestions for the Design of e-Learning Environments to Enhance Learner Self-Efficacy

In this paper e-learning is used as an umbrella term for all types of learning involving technology. Graesser et al (2007) note that technologies for learning exist that allow for e-learning systems to be much more than information delivery systems, but "unfortunately, the learning strategies of most students are extremely limited, so the systems must provide modeling of effective strategies, intelligent scaffolding, and accurate feedback" (p. 211). Self-efficacy is one area of human functioning where well-designed e-learning systems may be able to enhance performance. This paper was written to propose the intentional application of established instructional design practices and learning theory concepts for the purpose of creating e-learning environments that support the development of positive self-efficacy beliefs. Positive self-efficacy beliefs should, in turn, lead to enhanced achievement.