Technological Supports for Students with Intellectual Disability and Extensive Support Needs

This chapter explores the use of technological supports for students with intellectual disabilities (ID) and extensive support needs (ESN), focusing on assistive technology (AT) tools and their implementation within individual education programs (IEPs). The chapter underscores the legal mandate under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for considering AT in every IEP to enhance the academic and functional capabilities of students with disabilities. It elaborates on the broad definition of AT, including both devices and services, and the importance of tailoring these technologies to meet individual needs. The chapter also presents the SETT framework (Student, Environment, Task, and Tools) for evaluating AT, emphasizing its role in systematically addressing the needs of students with ID and ESN in various learning environments. It highlights the impact of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) on creating inclusive educational experiences by providing multiple means of representation, engagement, and expression. The chapter discusses a continuum of technology tools, from low-tech aids like switches and communication tools. Some of the tools covered such as video modeling are already evidence-based practices, while some high-tech innovations, mobile devices, extended reality (AR, VR, and XR) technologies, and artificial intelligence are still establishing their research basis. It provides insights into the practical application of these tools, their benefits in enhancing student independence, and the necessity for ongoing support and professional development for educators. The chapter advocates for the effective integration of AT to support students with ID and ESN in achieving meaningful educational outcomes.