Thermoelectric applications, innovations, and impact across industries

Thermoelectric (TE) applications encompass a diverse array of technologies that leverage the TE effect to convert heat directly into electrical energy or vice versa. These applications span various industries, from automotive and aerospace to electronics and energy harvesting. In automotive applications, TE devices are utilized to provide localized cooling and heating in car seats, steering wheels, and cupholders and potentially for waste heat recovery, improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. In aerospace, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can power where other sources aren’t available, such as the Mars rover. They also can power remote sensing equipment and satellite systems, providing reliable energy sources in space environments. In electronics, TE coolers are employed for temperature regulation in computer processors, light-emitting diode lighting, and consumer electronics, enhancing performance and longevity. TEs also can be used for dehumidification and refrigeration and freezing applications. Furthermore, TEGs find applications in remote power generation, converting waste heat from industrial processes, geothermal sources, or solar radiation into electricity for off-grid locations or as backup power systems. This article covers TE applications as they play a crucial role in advancing energy efficiency, sustainability, and technological innovation across diverse sectors.