Underestimation of invasive lesions in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast diagnosed by ultrasound-guided biopsy: A comparison between patients with and without HER2/neu overexpression

Purpose To determine the rate of underestimation of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed at imaging-guided biopsy and to analyze its association with HER2/neu oncogene, an important biomarker in assessing the tumour aggressiveness and guiding hormone therapy for breast cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 162 patients with DCIS diagnosed by imaging-guided core needle biopsy between January 2008 and March 2013. All of these patients received surgical excision, and in 25, the diagnosis was upgraded to invasive breast cancer. In this study, we examined the ultrasound, mammographic features and histopathological results for each patient, and compared these parameters between those with and without HER2/neu overexpression. Results Of the 162 DCIS lesions, 110 (67.9%) overexpressed HER2/neu. Nineteen patients with HER2/neu overexpressing DCIS (n = 19/110, 17.3%) were upgraded after surgery to a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. In this group, the upgrade rate was highest in patients with a dilated mammary duct pattern (42.1%, n = 8/19, p = 0.02) and the presence of abnormal axillary nodes (40.0%, n = 12/30, p < 0.01) at ultrasound and was significantly associated with comedo tumour type on pathology. Conclusions Biopsy may underestimate the invasive component in DCIS patients. Sonographic findings of dilated mammary ducts and presence of abnormal axillary lymph nodes may help predicting the invasive components and possibly driving more targeted biopsy procedures.